Adjectives

The word which qualifies noun or pronoun is called "Adjective". Its is one of the 8 part of speech.It describes or give information about noun or pronoun.
Example
1)He is a brilliant student.(The word 'brilliant' is an adjective)
2)He is the first person in the history to achieve the target.(The word 'first' is an adjective)
3) The shortest day comes in December. (The word 'shortest' is an adjective)




Broadly the  adjectives can be classified as follows.
1) Adjectives of quantity.(some,little,few)
2) Adjectives of quality.(fine,brilliant,good)
3) Adjectives of number.(first,three,second)
4) Demonstrative Adjectives((this,that,these,those)
5) Interrogative Adjectives.((whose,which,what)
6) Possesive Adjectives.(my,your,our)

SPECIAL

Oftenly the adjectives consist of more than one word. It is called adjectival(Adjectival Phrase)
example

The chair which is in the room is made of wood.(the phrase 'which is in the room' is adjectival phrase')

The detail of each kind of adjective is discussed in subsequent posts.

Indirect Object

In the last post I discussed what the "Object" in english grammar is. An object is the person or a thing affected by the action stated by the verb. Some verbs are followed by 2 objects.

1) Direct Object

2) Indirect Object

Direct Object-It is the person or thing affected by the action of verb

Indirect Object-It is the person who receive the direct object.

The Standard Rule for using the indirect is that it has to be placed before the direct object

SUBJECT + VERB +INDIRECT OBJECT+DIRECT OBJECT

Example
I gave him a book
Subject -I

Verb-gave

Indirect Object- him (because he is the receiver of the object,a book)

Direct Object - book(because verb 'give' is associated with 'book' directly)

Other Examples

He bought her a present.("her" is indirect object and "present" is direct object)

Please show me the paper("me" is indirect object and "paper" is direct object)

Could you lend your friend some money?("friend" is indirect object and "money" is direct object)

Subject v/s Object

In a sentence "subject" is a noun which performs the action where as "object" is a noun which receive action performed by the subject

Example

John is eating mango.
* In the above sentence "John" is a person who is performing the verb(to eat), so John is a subject
* Simlarly, the word "mango" is an object because the verb (eating) is applied on it.
* So it is clear the object is the thing or a person affected by the verb
* Generally, subject is placed before the verb and object is placed after the verb(exceptions are there)

Other Examples

We are going to club.
will you play football.
I love roses.

Uncountable Nouns

The noun can be broadly classified as “Countable” or “Uncountable”. The thumb rule to check whether a noun is countable or not is that countable nouns can be counted individually where as uncountable noun can not. This is the reason that we donot have plural forms of uncountable nouns. An important thing to remember that one should never use the article ‘a” or “an” before uncountable nouns.

Broadly speaking there are 5 categories of uncountable nouns

1)      Food- e.g. meat ,butter

2)      Liquids -e.g. Tea

3)      Materials- e.g. paper ,iron

4)      Abstract nouns e.g. advice ,music

5)      Powders e.g. flour

Some uncountable nouns can  be used as countable by adding phrase.

piece of baggage

a loaf of bread

a bar of butter

a slice of cheese

a piece of furniture

a piece of information

a glass of water  

Parts of the speech.

There are 8 parts of speech

1)Noun-Noun is a word that tells the name of a person , place , thing , an emotion or an idea.
Example- Ram goes to the market every evening.
Here Ram and market are nouns.

2)Pronoun-The word that takes place of a noun is called pronoun.
Example-Ram goes to the market every evening. He buys chocolates.
"He" is pronoun because it replaces the noun "Ram".

3)Verb-It is a word which shows action or state of being.
Ram goes to the market every evening.
"goes" is an action word so it is a verb.

4)Adverb-It is a word that describes verb.
Example- Ram generally goes to market every evening.
Here the word "generally" is an adverb.

5)Adjectives-A words that describes noun.
Ram goes to the super-market every evening.
Here the word "super" is an adjective.

6)Preposition-A word which relates noun or pronoun with the sentence.
Ram goes to the market in the evening.
Here "in"  is a preposition.

7)Conjunctions-It is a word that joins words or sentences.
Ram goes to the market and the park every evening.
Here "and" is a conjunction

8)Interjection-It is a word which express sudden emotions.
Wow!Ram goes to the market every evening.
here the word "Wow!" is an interjection.